Course Content
Module 1: Foundations of Research and Thesis Development
Upon completion of this module, residents will be able to: • Understand the thesis requirements and academic standards in basic and paraclinical sciences. • Identify feasible research topics aligned with departmental resources and expertise. • Formulate clear, testable research questions using established frameworks.
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Research Methodology and Biostatistics for Postgraduate Residents in Basic Sciences and Paraclinical Sciences

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Distinguish between internal and external validity and explain their implications for research conclusions
  2. Identify and describe sources of bias: confounding, selection bias, and information bias
  3. Define and differentiate test–retest, inter-rater, intra-rater, and internal consistency reliability
  4. Interpret sensitivity and specificity values in the evaluation of diagnostic tests

Content:

  • Internal validity: Confounding, Selection bias, Information bias
  • External validity and generalizability
  • Reliability: Test–retest, Inter-rater, Intra-rater, Internal consistency
  • Diagnostic test evaluation: Sensitivity, Specificity